段落是文章的缩影。写好了段落,就能比较成功地写出较好的文章。经过中学英语基础阶段的学习之后,大学英语的写作重点就从选词造句转移到了联句成段和联段成篇上。进行段落层次上的写作训练,是写好英语文章的关键一环。下面介绍的是段落结构。
段落( paragraph )是由表达单一中心思想(controlling idea or central idea )的一组句子(包括主题句 topic sentence,推展句supporting sentences及结论句concluding sentence)构成,是文章结构的基本独立单位。本讲我们将就主题句和中心思想这两个方面展开讨论。
Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.我们的生活非常依赖能源。在许多城镇,农场和工厂,机器已使我的生活比以前更方便。机器使用的是能源,能源是需要取暖,照明,通讯,运载货物--所有事情。工厂及工业厂使用了大量的能源来制造我们用的,买的,卖的。
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. (推展句1)Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. (推展句2)In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weakness.没有人能避免被广告影响
即使我们可能以我们的好味觉而自豪,但我们已不再只有的选择我们想要的东西了,广告潜移默化地影响我们,在努力说服我们买这个或那个产品,广告客户作出了认真研究人的本性和已将所有的小弱点分类
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